Bibliography + annotations
Primary Sources:
Bridges, Ruby. Through My Eyes. New York: Scholastic, 1999. Print.
This is a primary source because it is an autobiography written by Ruby Bridges. She uses the word "I" and "me" to prove that it is a primary source. The information I gained in this source from Ruby's quotes is valuable to my website because I can understand Ruby's journey through her own eyes and learn about her role in the Civil Rights Movement. This will help me to be more informative about Ruby's background and her role in society.
Exert from New York Times Newspaper, on November 15th,1960
This source is a Primary Source because the reporter writing the article witnessed Ruby's first day of school. This information provided a primary source for the first day of school section of the website and helped to proved that the news of Ruby's first day of school spread nationwide.
Paskoff, Virginia. "Segregation in Schools." Personal interview. 18 Dec. 2016.
This is a primary source because we interviewed Virginia Paskoff in person and she experienced the segregation first-hand during the Civil Rights Movement. This source was valuable to our website because she provided us with her perspective on the event and we were able to learn about her specific role. This allowed us to display a better understanding of the Civil Rights Movement because we were hearing about it from people who lived in that time period.
Phillips, William Mickinley, III. "Interview with Bill Phillips." Telephone interview. 17 Dec. 2016. Interviewed over FaceTime via iPhone.
This is a primary source because the interviewee took part in the Civil Rights Movement and experienced the event first-hand. The interviewee was very valuable as he helped us to inform about his personal experiences during the Civil Right Movement and give the reader an accurate representation of what life was like from an African American's perspective as he is African American. His stories allowed us to display a new understanding of the difficulties and fear that African Americans experienced during that time period.
Photo of Ruby Bridges integration. 1960. Ruby Bridges integrates William Frantz Elementary school.
This photo is a primary source because it is a photo taken by the media while Ruby Bridges walked into William Frantz Elementary. I used this picture as part of my gallery in my first day of school section to add a visual primary source to the website.
"Ruby Bridges: A Class of One." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2016.
This is a primary source because the website shows an interview between Ruby Bridges and Charlayne Hunter-Gault. This source was valuable to our website because we were able to see Ruby's journey through her own eyes and understand how her role in the Civil Rights Movement personally impacted her. We were able to use this to show how she faced and accepted the consequences of integrating a school during the Civil Rights Movement.
"The Ruby Bridges Foundation." Thelifeofrubybridges.weebly.com N.p, n.d. Web quote Ruby describing mission of the group
The quote on the website that I used in the my project is a primary source because it is a quote from Bridges describing the mission of the Ruby Bridges Foundation. I used this quote in my project when explaining the Ruby Bridges Foundation and her later life.
Ruby Bridges Integration. 1960. Louisiana. Ruby Bridges Integrates William Frantz Elementary School. Web. 4 Jan. 2017.
This is a primary source because it is a picture of Ruby Bridges walking up the steps of William Frantz Elementary, escorted my federal marshals, on her first day of school. This picture was valuable to our website because the use of federal marshal protection gives us a better understanding of how dangerous the white protesters could be and the danger Ruby was put in because of her actions. However, this only makes her braver and a better leader as she pushed through the consequences to make education more equal for all races.
Segregated Classroom. 1941. Civil Rights: The Surge Forward. Web. 20 Oct. 2016.
This is a primary source because it is a picture of the interior of an African American schoolhouse during the Civil Rights Movement. This is a valuable source for our website because by showing the difference in quality of the schools between the African Americans and whites, we can see that education was underfunded and deemed unimportant for African Americans. This also gives us an insight of the belief of white supremacy during the Civil Rights Movement because they had so many advantages over African Americans.
"Teaching ruby bridges" Bostonglobe.com N.p., n.d web.
This website had an interview video with Barbara Henry, Ruby Bridges' teacher. This interview is a primary source because it had direct quotes from Barbara Henry responding to the questions asked. I used the interview quotes in forming the first year section of the website by adding the quotes from Henry to better explain the relationship that was formed between Bridges and Henry.
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Secondary Sources:
By 1938, He Was the Chief Legal Advisor to the NAACP. "Education and Civil Rights - History Learning Site." History Learning Site. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Sept. 2016.
This is a secondary source because the creator did not first hand witness or experience the event and it is an overall analysis of education and civil rights during the Civil Rights Movement. This source was valuable to our project because it helped us to expand our knowledge on the difference in education and civil rights between African Americans and whites during the Civil Rights Movement. This allowed us to furthermore understand and be more informative on this component of the Civil Rights Movement on our website.
"Civil Rights Movement - Police Brutality." The Dallas Weekly. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Jan. 2017.
This is a secondary source because the creator of the website published it long after the Civil Rights Movement took place and they did not witness the event. This was valuable to our website because it informed us of the treatment the African Americans were receiving from the police and the harsh forms of punishment used to discipline them. We were able to use this information to make our "Quality of Life" page stronger and our website more informative.
"The Civil Rights Movement in America 1945 to 1968 - History Learning Site." History Learning Site. N.p., 27 Mar. 2015. Web. 03 Oct. 2016.
This is a secondary source because it was created second-hand to inform readers about the Civil Rights Movement between 1945 and 1968. This source was valuable to to our website because we were able to learn about the conditions of housing, jobs, and education of African Americans. We were able to inform about this topic throughout our website from the information we gathered and provide an understanding of what it was like to live as an African American person between 1945 and 1968.
The desegregation of central high school, little rock, Arkansas, 1957. Arkansas, Arkansas. The civil rights movement. Web. 16 oct 2016
This website contained information and a photograph. The website information is a secondary source because there are no direct quotes and it doesn’t say "I", "we", or "me". The photograph is a primary source. I used the information to add detail to my segregation in schools section of the website and I used the photograph in the segregation in schools section to add a visual example of white protesters.
Hatfield, Edward. "Segregation." New Georgia Encyclopedia. N.p., 1 June 2007. Web. 17 Jan. 2017.
This is a secondary source because the information was taken second-hand to inform about segregation in Georgia during the Civil Rights Movement. This source was valuable to our website because we learned a lot about the "Jim Crow" laws, the segregation in public facilities, and how it affected the lives of African Americans. We were able to distribute this information on our "Quality of Life" page to strengthen the argument that African Americans had a poor quality of life during the Civil Rights Movement and were treated very unequally compared to whites.
Patterson, James T. "The Civil Rights Movement: Major Events and Legacies." The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Sept. 2016.
This is a secondary source because the creator did not witness or experience the event and the information was taken second-hand to inform about racial discrimination socially and in public facilities. This was valuable to our project because we gained more knowledge on the racial discrimination in that society and were able to put forth a better understanding of the inequality the African Americans experienced during the Civil Rights Movement.
"Ruby Bridges, a brave child who tried to help all children." Aaregistry.org. N.p., n.d web
This website is a secondary source because there are no quotes or specific documents on the website. I used this website to describe Ruby's later life and how she came about creating the Ruby Bridges Foundation.
"Ruby Bridges." Biography.com. A&E Networks Television, 08 July 2014. Web. 17 Jan. 2017.
This is a secondary source because the creator did not first-hand witness or experience the event and used second-hand information to enlighten the reader about Ruby Bridges' life and her accomplishments. This source was very valuable to our website and thesis because we were able to learn about who Ruby Bridges was and what her role in the Civil Rights Movement was. This allowed us to further explain how Ruby was a leader and took a stand during the Civil Rights Movement.
"Ruby Bridges Desegregates a School." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2016.
This is a secondary source because the video is made up of information that was taken second-hand. The speaker was not involved or present during the Civil Rights Movement. This source was valuable to our website because we gained knowledge on Ruby Bridges' first day of school and learned how she dealt with the sudden consequences of her integration into William Frantz Elementary.
Ruby bridges (1954-) NWHM.org N.p., n.d web. 11 Dec. 2016
This website is a secondary source because there are no direct quotes on the website and the website states facts about the event, but does not have any primary sources. I used this website in creating the first day of school section by adding facts and events during the first day to help the website page have a chronological order.
"Virginia Historical Society." Beginnings of Black Education. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Oct. 2016.
This is a secondary source because the information was taken second hand to describe African American schools during the Civil Rights Movement. The source was valuable to our website because we were able to better explain the differences between African American and white only schools during the Civil Rights Movement. We were also able to create a better understanding of what white people thought of African Americans through education in that society.
Bridges, Ruby. Through My Eyes. New York: Scholastic, 1999. Print.
This is a primary source because it is an autobiography written by Ruby Bridges. She uses the word "I" and "me" to prove that it is a primary source. The information I gained in this source from Ruby's quotes is valuable to my website because I can understand Ruby's journey through her own eyes and learn about her role in the Civil Rights Movement. This will help me to be more informative about Ruby's background and her role in society.
Exert from New York Times Newspaper, on November 15th,1960
This source is a Primary Source because the reporter writing the article witnessed Ruby's first day of school. This information provided a primary source for the first day of school section of the website and helped to proved that the news of Ruby's first day of school spread nationwide.
Paskoff, Virginia. "Segregation in Schools." Personal interview. 18 Dec. 2016.
This is a primary source because we interviewed Virginia Paskoff in person and she experienced the segregation first-hand during the Civil Rights Movement. This source was valuable to our website because she provided us with her perspective on the event and we were able to learn about her specific role. This allowed us to display a better understanding of the Civil Rights Movement because we were hearing about it from people who lived in that time period.
Phillips, William Mickinley, III. "Interview with Bill Phillips." Telephone interview. 17 Dec. 2016. Interviewed over FaceTime via iPhone.
This is a primary source because the interviewee took part in the Civil Rights Movement and experienced the event first-hand. The interviewee was very valuable as he helped us to inform about his personal experiences during the Civil Right Movement and give the reader an accurate representation of what life was like from an African American's perspective as he is African American. His stories allowed us to display a new understanding of the difficulties and fear that African Americans experienced during that time period.
Photo of Ruby Bridges integration. 1960. Ruby Bridges integrates William Frantz Elementary school.
This photo is a primary source because it is a photo taken by the media while Ruby Bridges walked into William Frantz Elementary. I used this picture as part of my gallery in my first day of school section to add a visual primary source to the website.
"Ruby Bridges: A Class of One." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2016.
This is a primary source because the website shows an interview between Ruby Bridges and Charlayne Hunter-Gault. This source was valuable to our website because we were able to see Ruby's journey through her own eyes and understand how her role in the Civil Rights Movement personally impacted her. We were able to use this to show how she faced and accepted the consequences of integrating a school during the Civil Rights Movement.
"The Ruby Bridges Foundation." Thelifeofrubybridges.weebly.com N.p, n.d. Web quote Ruby describing mission of the group
The quote on the website that I used in the my project is a primary source because it is a quote from Bridges describing the mission of the Ruby Bridges Foundation. I used this quote in my project when explaining the Ruby Bridges Foundation and her later life.
Ruby Bridges Integration. 1960. Louisiana. Ruby Bridges Integrates William Frantz Elementary School. Web. 4 Jan. 2017.
This is a primary source because it is a picture of Ruby Bridges walking up the steps of William Frantz Elementary, escorted my federal marshals, on her first day of school. This picture was valuable to our website because the use of federal marshal protection gives us a better understanding of how dangerous the white protesters could be and the danger Ruby was put in because of her actions. However, this only makes her braver and a better leader as she pushed through the consequences to make education more equal for all races.
Segregated Classroom. 1941. Civil Rights: The Surge Forward. Web. 20 Oct. 2016.
This is a primary source because it is a picture of the interior of an African American schoolhouse during the Civil Rights Movement. This is a valuable source for our website because by showing the difference in quality of the schools between the African Americans and whites, we can see that education was underfunded and deemed unimportant for African Americans. This also gives us an insight of the belief of white supremacy during the Civil Rights Movement because they had so many advantages over African Americans.
"Teaching ruby bridges" Bostonglobe.com N.p., n.d web.
This website had an interview video with Barbara Henry, Ruby Bridges' teacher. This interview is a primary source because it had direct quotes from Barbara Henry responding to the questions asked. I used the interview quotes in forming the first year section of the website by adding the quotes from Henry to better explain the relationship that was formed between Bridges and Henry.
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Secondary Sources:
By 1938, He Was the Chief Legal Advisor to the NAACP. "Education and Civil Rights - History Learning Site." History Learning Site. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Sept. 2016.
This is a secondary source because the creator did not first hand witness or experience the event and it is an overall analysis of education and civil rights during the Civil Rights Movement. This source was valuable to our project because it helped us to expand our knowledge on the difference in education and civil rights between African Americans and whites during the Civil Rights Movement. This allowed us to furthermore understand and be more informative on this component of the Civil Rights Movement on our website.
"Civil Rights Movement - Police Brutality." The Dallas Weekly. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Jan. 2017.
This is a secondary source because the creator of the website published it long after the Civil Rights Movement took place and they did not witness the event. This was valuable to our website because it informed us of the treatment the African Americans were receiving from the police and the harsh forms of punishment used to discipline them. We were able to use this information to make our "Quality of Life" page stronger and our website more informative.
"The Civil Rights Movement in America 1945 to 1968 - History Learning Site." History Learning Site. N.p., 27 Mar. 2015. Web. 03 Oct. 2016.
This is a secondary source because it was created second-hand to inform readers about the Civil Rights Movement between 1945 and 1968. This source was valuable to to our website because we were able to learn about the conditions of housing, jobs, and education of African Americans. We were able to inform about this topic throughout our website from the information we gathered and provide an understanding of what it was like to live as an African American person between 1945 and 1968.
The desegregation of central high school, little rock, Arkansas, 1957. Arkansas, Arkansas. The civil rights movement. Web. 16 oct 2016
This website contained information and a photograph. The website information is a secondary source because there are no direct quotes and it doesn’t say "I", "we", or "me". The photograph is a primary source. I used the information to add detail to my segregation in schools section of the website and I used the photograph in the segregation in schools section to add a visual example of white protesters.
Hatfield, Edward. "Segregation." New Georgia Encyclopedia. N.p., 1 June 2007. Web. 17 Jan. 2017.
This is a secondary source because the information was taken second-hand to inform about segregation in Georgia during the Civil Rights Movement. This source was valuable to our website because we learned a lot about the "Jim Crow" laws, the segregation in public facilities, and how it affected the lives of African Americans. We were able to distribute this information on our "Quality of Life" page to strengthen the argument that African Americans had a poor quality of life during the Civil Rights Movement and were treated very unequally compared to whites.
Patterson, James T. "The Civil Rights Movement: Major Events and Legacies." The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Sept. 2016.
This is a secondary source because the creator did not witness or experience the event and the information was taken second-hand to inform about racial discrimination socially and in public facilities. This was valuable to our project because we gained more knowledge on the racial discrimination in that society and were able to put forth a better understanding of the inequality the African Americans experienced during the Civil Rights Movement.
"Ruby Bridges, a brave child who tried to help all children." Aaregistry.org. N.p., n.d web
This website is a secondary source because there are no quotes or specific documents on the website. I used this website to describe Ruby's later life and how she came about creating the Ruby Bridges Foundation.
"Ruby Bridges." Biography.com. A&E Networks Television, 08 July 2014. Web. 17 Jan. 2017.
This is a secondary source because the creator did not first-hand witness or experience the event and used second-hand information to enlighten the reader about Ruby Bridges' life and her accomplishments. This source was very valuable to our website and thesis because we were able to learn about who Ruby Bridges was and what her role in the Civil Rights Movement was. This allowed us to further explain how Ruby was a leader and took a stand during the Civil Rights Movement.
"Ruby Bridges Desegregates a School." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2016.
This is a secondary source because the video is made up of information that was taken second-hand. The speaker was not involved or present during the Civil Rights Movement. This source was valuable to our website because we gained knowledge on Ruby Bridges' first day of school and learned how she dealt with the sudden consequences of her integration into William Frantz Elementary.
Ruby bridges (1954-) NWHM.org N.p., n.d web. 11 Dec. 2016
This website is a secondary source because there are no direct quotes on the website and the website states facts about the event, but does not have any primary sources. I used this website in creating the first day of school section by adding facts and events during the first day to help the website page have a chronological order.
"Virginia Historical Society." Beginnings of Black Education. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Oct. 2016.
This is a secondary source because the information was taken second hand to describe African American schools during the Civil Rights Movement. The source was valuable to our website because we were able to better explain the differences between African American and white only schools during the Civil Rights Movement. We were also able to create a better understanding of what white people thought of African Americans through education in that society.